Ptarmigan in summer and winter. Here's an amazing fact - the winter feathers retain heat, but the summer feathers don't. How good is that?
"Penguins have counter shading. Penguins spend a lot of time in the water. The dark feathers on their backs help camouflage them from predators that are swimming above them. Their white stomach feathers hide them from predators swimming below them".
One bird that we see all year round on the east coast of Scotland is the oystercatcher. A more appropriate name would be the musselcatcher, as this is what they feed on much of the time. They are waders, though you often see them inland, probing for worms and other delicacies on grassland. One intriguing thing about these birds is that there are two distinct camps when it comes to feeding on mussels. Some are hammerers and others use their bills as pincers to prise open the shells.
The Arctic tern is a real voyager. It spends summer in the Arctic and winter in the Antarctic. While it might be rather small for a seabird, it is a feisty customer, capable of giving polar bears a bloody nose (quite literally!).
Regarding black, white, and all other "colors" : no human eye had ever seen a "pure" color, that is, one having only one wavelength, as it's called, until about 1958, I think it was, when physicist Theodore Maiman conceived of and built the first laser-light producing device. It produced a red color light of one single wavelength, and the "laser-age" was born! All things we see having a "color" are reflecting to our eyes very many different wavelengths of color all congregated near the basic tone we see, be it red, yellow, fuchsia, or any other, thousands of them perhaps, all being emitted at once. So what? Well, laser light has the peculiar ability to do unusual things, like cut metal, cause heating of certain objects, things like that. The latest thought I've heard is that NASA is trying to devise a laser-powered engine to propel spacecraft at amazing speed.